1. Those who promote, establish, organize, coordinate, or lead a criminal organization shall be punished with imprisonment for four to eight years if its purpose or objective is the commission of serious crimes, and with imprisonment for three to six years in all other cases. Those who actively participate in the organization, are members of it, or cooperate with it financially or in any other way shall be punished with imprisonment for two to five years if its purpose is the commission of serious crimes, and with imprisonment for one to three years in all other cases.
For the purposes of this Code, a criminal organization is defined as a group formed by more than two people on a stable or indefinite basis, who, in a concerted and coordinated manner, divide various tasks or functions among themselves for the purpose of committing crimes.
2. The penalties provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be increased by half when the organization:
a) is composed of a large number of people;
b) possesses weapons or dangerous instruments.
c) possesses advanced technological means of communication or transport that, due to their characteristics, are especially suitable for facilitating the commission of crimes or the impunity of the perpetrators.
If two or more of these circumstances are present, the next higher penalty shall be imposed.
3. The penalties respectively provided for in this article shall be increased by half if the crimes are against life or physical integrity, liberty, sexual freedom and integrity, or human trafficking.