1. Those who, in exchange for financial compensation, transfer a child, descendant, or any minor to another person, even if there is no biological or kinship relationship, circumventing the legal procedures for guardianship, foster care, or adoption, with the aim of establishing a relationship analogous to parentage, shall be punished with imprisonment for one to five years and special disqualification from exercising parental rights, guardianship, curatorship, or custody for a period of four to ten years.
2. The same penalty shall apply to the person who receives the child and to any intermediary, even if the transfer of the minor took place in a foreign country.
3. If the acts are committed using nurseries, schools, or other premises or establishments where children are cared for, the perpetrators shall be subject to special disqualification from engaging in the aforementioned activities for a period of two to six years, and the temporary or permanent closure of the establishments may be ordered. In the case of temporary closure, the term may not exceed five years.