1. No one shall be punished for slander or libel except upon complaint by the person offended by the offense or by their legal representative. Proceedings shall be initiated ex officio when the offense is directed against a public official, authority, or agent thereof concerning matters related to the exercise of their duties.
2. No one may bring an action for slander or libel uttered in court without prior authorization from the Judge or Court that is or was hearing the case.
3. Pardon by the offended person extinguishes the criminal action, without prejudice to the provisions of Article 130.1.5, second paragraph, of this Code.