Article 48 [source]

Spanish Criminal Code
English translation

1. The deprivation of the right to reside in or visit certain places prevents the convicted person from residing in or visiting the place where the crime was committed, or the place where the victim or their family resides, if different. In cases where an intellectual disability or a disability originating from a mental disorder has been declared, the specific case will be examined to determine the appropriate course of action, taking into account the legal rights to be protected and the best interests of the person with the disability, who, where applicable, must be provided with the necessary support and assistance to comply with the measure.

2. The prohibition against approaching the victim, or any of their family members or other persons designated by the judge or court, prevents the convicted person from approaching them, wherever they may be, as well as approaching their home, workplace, or any other place they frequent. With respect to children, any visitation, communication, and custody arrangements that may have been established in a civil judgment will be suspended until this sentence is fully served.

3. The prohibition on communicating with the victim, or with any of their family members or other persons designated by the judge or court, prevents the convicted person from establishing any written, verbal, or visual contact with them through any means of communication, including electronic or telematics means.

4. The judge or court may order that these measures be monitored through any electronic means that permit it.