1. An attempt occurs when the perpetrator begins the execution of the crime directly through external acts, performing all or part of the acts that objectively should produce the result, and yet the result does not occur due to causes independent of the perpetrator's will.
2. Anyone who voluntarily prevents the consummation of the crime, either by desisting from the execution already begun or by preventing the result from occurring, shall be exempt from criminal liability for the attempted crime, without prejudice to any liability they may have incurred for the acts already committed, if these constitute another crime.
3. When several individuals participate in an act, those who desist from the execution already begun and seriously, firmly, and decisively prevent or attempt to prevent its consummation shall be exempt from criminal liability, without prejudice to any liability they may have incurred for the acts already committed, if these constitute another crime.